Marisa Ziegler

    Today in class we worked on questions from the textbook. The questions include:  What is the significance of the following terms Renaissance: period from 1300 to 1600 when art, creativity, and writing were "rebirthed' Humanism: focused on human potential (arete) secular: Renaissance power was worldy patron: financially supported artist, wealthy became important perspective: art became more popular b/c the use of perspective drawing which shows 3D vernacular: a native language, started trends in writing that modern writers follow to this day   Qualities of a Renaissance man include mastering every area of studying including writing and art. Also, he should be charming, witty, well- educated, dancer, singer, musician poetry writer, skilled writer, wrestler and swordsmen Qualities of a Renaissance woman include knowing the classics, being charming, inspiring art, and some were skilled in politics.  How did Italy's cities help to make it a birthplace o

    Today in class we talked about Martin Luther and the Reformation. My notes are included below. The Church is weakened and vulnerable socially- the Renaissance emphasis on the secular (worldly) and the individual challenged church authority the printing press helped spread these ideas politically- some rulers (especially the Germans) began to challenge the Church's political power  economically- northern merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome  "... religious reform please..."  What's so wrong with the church? corrupt leadership  Renaissance- era popes spent extravagantly on personal pleasure  Pope Alexander VI admitted he fathered several children  Many priests and monks were poorly educated How can you teach if you can barely read? Some priests got married and had children  Some priests drank to excess, many gambled  But mostly indulgences  The selling of indulgences (pardons) "releases a sinner from performing the pe

    Today in class we started our new unit on the Renaissance and Reformation. My notes are below. Italy's Advantages Renaissance-rebirth (learning and culture) City States Cities were the center of action  Milan + Florence- wealthy merchants and bankers  Artists in these cities were inspired by Rome and Greece Merchants and the Medici  Merchants dominated politics The Medici were a powerful banking family Paid artists/writers/musicians to create beautiful works of art They were patrons- financed artistic endeavors A Super Patron: Isabella d'Este  Wealthy Sponsored painters, sculptors, musicians, writers, architects  Patron of da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bellini, Correggio, and many others Evolving Values- humanism  a deep interest in what people have already achieved, as well as what they are capable of achieving in the future It is not a coincidence that humanism resembles arete (Greek idea) -Classical (ancient Greece + Roman)

    Today in class we took a test on the Middle Ages. I think I did okay, besides a few questions. One of them talked about the language during the Middle Ages. I said since most were illiterate, they spoke Greek. I think this was wrong because during the time of invasion, Romance languages emerged so the people would speak those, not Greek. I feel pretty good about the rest of the test, and I am anxious to see what I will get. I am hoping to bring my grade up a little bit. If I did good on this test, and do good on the next, I think I will be okay. Also, I need to continue to do my blogs everyday to get the easy points. We also have to read sections on Italy and the Renaissance. This is our last unit of the school year, and our last test will be on the Renaissance, and the Reformation.

    Today in class we talked about Charles Martel's and his descendants. My notes are below. How do you follow the Hammer? Charles Martel's son is Pepin the Short  He works with the Church and is named "king by the grace of God" by the Pope Pepin the Short dies in 768, leaving two sons  Son #1- Carolman- dies in 771 Son #2- Charles, known as Charlemagne, meaning Charles the Great Charles the Great: Six feet four inches of rocking, ruling warrior Where did Charlemagne come from?  Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer)- grandfather lived 668-741 won the crucial Battle of Tours (732), halting Islamic expansion  Charles Martel's Sons Carolman retired to become a monk in 747 Pepin the Short continued to hold the Muslim's off Father of Charlemagne (and Carolman) What makes Charles so Great? he expanded the Frankish kingdom into an Empire He fought the Muslims in Spain (to the west) He conquered Italy (to the south) he fought

    Today in class we talked about Germanic Kingdoms and Christianity power. Some of my notes are below. Germanic Kingdoms emerge: AD 400-600 Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor he provides them with food, weapons, and treasure Result: no orderly gov't for large areas  small communities rule  "I would die for my chief, but I see no reason to pay taxes to a king I don't even know. So there." Clovis rules the Franks  Clovis rules the Germanic people or Gaul known as the Frank's (where France comes from) in 496 he has a battlefield conversion- he and 3000 of his warriors became Christians  the Church and Rome like this  by 511 the Franks are united into one kingdom with Clovis and the church working as partners Spread of Christianity Church and Frankish rulers= rise in Christianity  In 520, Benedict writes out rules for monks  vows of poverty (live simply in monasteries) chastity (no marital relationships) obedien

     I was not in school today.

    Today in class we took notes again from the textbook. We had to answer questions. The questions were: What are the significance of these terms? lord: granted land (fief) in exchange for military protection  vassal: person receiving fief knights: mounted horsemen serfs: people who could not lawfully leave where they were born manor: lord's estate tithe: church tax fief: granted land to vassals  What groups invaded Europe in the 800s? The Magyar's and the Muslims attacked Europe in the 800's. What obligations did the peasants owe the lords? The peasants worked in the manor and some (serfs) could not leave. They were not slaves, but whatever they produced belonged to the lord. They paid taxes on grain, marriage, and a church tax (1/10 of their income).  What were the three social classes in the feudal system? The three social classes were vassals (wealthy landowners), knights (defended lord's land), and peasants (worked in fields). 

   Today in class we went over the test and everyone got 4 more points on their test because Mr. Schick marked a question wrong when it was right. The questions was what modern day U.S. government document is equivalent to the Twelve Tables. The correct answer wad D, the Bill of Rights, but he had the correct answer down as E, The First Amendment. This moved my grade up to a 100, which I am very happy about. I have not gotten a 100 in this class yet. We went through the rest of the test. Also, we checked the questions we did for homework which are on our previous blog. This gave us some points on veracross. The questions were about Charlemagne, the Franks taking over the empire, and the Middle Ages. Also, the section we read talked more about Christianity, and how it developed throughout this time period. The Middle Ages are a cool time period, and I'm excited to start learning about them.

    Today in class we took our ancient Rome test and I got a 96. I'm very happy about this grade. However, it only brought my grade up 1 point on veracross. I will just have to continue to do my blogs and work to continue to slowly bring my grade up. I took several notes today. They are included below: Invasions of Western Europe Disruption of trade: Merchants faced invasions, businesses collapsed, money was scarce Downfall of Cities: cities were abandoned as centers of administration  Population shifts: Roman trade and government collapsed, nobles retreated to rural areas, no leadership in cities, city people fled to the countryside, Western Europe became rural.  We also had to answer some questions. My answer are below: 3. 1. Classical heritage of Rome      2. Beliefs of Roman Catholic Church      3. Customs of various Germanic tribes  4. Disruption of trade, downfall of cities, population shift  5. He broadened the authority of the pope office, causing it t

    Today in class we talked about the Germanic Kingdoms. My notes are below: The Germanic Barbarians Barbarian warlords and their families who assimilated into Roman culture became the "nobles" or aristocrats of medieval Europe  Germanic tribes who ruled former Roman lands sought to conquer and assimilate other Barbarian peoples who lived beyond the frontiers and were still pagans  More on Germanic Tribes The Angles and Saxon's (from Denmark and northwestern Germany) invaded Britain and assimilated the native Britons  Most of the Anglo-Saxon's were converted to Christianity in the seventh century The most powerful Germanic tribe was the Franks  the real power lay with the "mayors of the palace" who were royal officials and nobles themselves  The Germanic Barbarians  From "Eastern Empire" to "Byzantium"  The Eastern Roman Empire continued on while the west was now divided up by barbarian tribes When the emperor Ju

    Today in class we talked more and in more detail about the decline of the Roman empire. My notes are below: Rise of Christianity Jesus spends 3 years teaching/preaching, killed by Roman leaders Jesus' followers believe he is the Messiah and Savior who has risen from the dead Saul (persecutor) becomes Paul (evangelist) spreading Jesus' message (one true God) Christianity evolves from cult status to established official structure Priests, bishops, pope (Bishop of Rome)  Christians and Jews were monotheistic (believing in one God) This conflicted with Roman beliefs Persecution against both was common  Christianity appealed to the poor, and since there were many poor, their numbers grew The Roman empire and Christianity are now linked in power and influence  Decline of the Roman Empire AD 180: Rome has problems  economic- trade was risky, food supply was dropping, taxes too high  military- frontiers were hard to patrol, Roman generals fought for control, s

    Today in class we continued to talk about Christianity and we touched on Constantine. Some of my notes are below: Conversion of Constantine (AD 312) Roman emperor Constantine has a vision before the Battle at Milivian Bridge he sees an image in the sky of a cross and the words Ev ToUTw Nika ("In this sign, conquer") Orders troops to put a cross on shields they win Edict of Milan in AD 313 Christianity becomes a religion which is recognized/approved by the emperor it continues to gain strength By 380, it becomes the empire's official religion Chi-Rho: first two letters of "Christ" in Greek  Decline of the Roman Empire While Christianity strengthened, Rome weakened  Military: too week to defend huge area Economy: taxes too high; widening gap between rich and poor; trade disrupted Social: Who cares about public affairs?; disloyalty; population decreases Political: division of the empire (Constantine moved the capital to Byzantium)

    Today in class we continued to talk about Christianity. Some of my notes are below: "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth." Jews and Christians were monotheistic The refused to worship Roman gods Early in Pax Romana, it was easy to travel and to spread ideas (Paul wasn't the only one who did so) Poor, desperate Romans were a receptive substance The Problem with Monotheism Jews and Christians were sometimes persecuted by Roman authorities, since Monotheism contradicted Roman law They could be exiled, imprisoned, executed, crucified, burned, or killed by wild animals This would happen as things began to go wrong for the Roman empire, scapegoats were "needed" Scapegoat: Aaron confessed Israelites' sins over a goat, then sent the goat away- symbolic The Appeal of Christianity Christianity grew because it:  Embraced all people: Men AND women enslaved people the poor (and noble) Gave hope to powerless Appealed to

    Today in class we talked about Christianity. My notes are below. Christianity- roots It all begins with Jesus Most of what we know of Jesus comes from the Gospels Gospel means "good news" WHo's Jesus? Jesus was a Jewish itnerant preacher in Judea who set himself apart from other Messiah's Jesus taught God's personal relationship to each human being Message of love Miore roots Jesus' followers believed he was the "Messiah" who had come to end the world and bring the truly faithful into the kingdom of God Jesus believed to be both man and the son of God; both human and divine Jesus was deemed a threat to Roman rule and was crucified, though his followers believed he rose from the dead and ascended to heaven  The 12 followers of Jesus who attempted to spread the word of his teachings were known as apostles Start Spreading the news Paul of Taurus was a Jew who became a follower of Jesus after a miraculous vision o

    Today in class Mr. Schick was not there. We were supposed to finish our reading, but we all finished. During this time, I studied for my biology test. I was really nervous for it, since I was absent when we went over an important part of the material. However, I got notes from someone during this time and I was able to study it. I feel okay about the test, there were some things I know I left out or got wrong. Also, for a written response, I needed to study a paper that my teacher never gave back after we handed it in. I could not think of an example for a protist, and I forgot to fill in an example for a plant. I heard from numerous people that we might not have to do blogs anymore, so this may be my last one. Apparently, no one is doing them the way Mr. Schick wants them done. I'm kind of happy we might not have to do them, but I like the open blog tests.